From India
C. R. Rao
Ideas from a paper he wrote in his mid-twenties, the Cramér–Rao bound and the Rao–Blackwell theorem, are taught in every statistics course.
He received the International Prize in Statistics in 2023, aged 102.
Prateek Karandikar, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (resized)
Where you’ll meet C. R. Rao here
Probability
They turn up beside problems and lessons on these topics.
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P. C. Mahalanobis
He founded the Indian Statistical Institute in Kolkata in 1931.
The Mahalanobis distance measures how unusual a data point is, and is used from banking to biology. His birthday, 29 June, is India’s National Statistics Day.
Unknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons