From the history of maths
Henri Poincaré
He posed the Poincaré conjecture in 1904. Grigori Perelman proved it about a century later.
Fixing an error in his prize-winning work on three orbiting bodies led him towards what we now call chaos.

Unknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Where you’ll meet Poincaré here
Geometry
They turn up beside problems and lessons on these topics.
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Katherine Johnson
She calculated flight paths for NASA. Before John Glenn’s 1962 orbit, he asked for her to check the computer’s numbers by hand.
She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015.

NASA, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons